Domestic Polices of Johnson and Eisenhower Essay Example for Free

Domestic Polices of Johnson and Eisenhower EssayThe decades of 1950s and early 60s were periods of unprecedented affluence, prosperity and economic ontogenesis for USA, at scales that is difficult to match by any new(prenominal) country in human history. Years of persistent industrial growth, technological advances, and a full-time developed economy during the Second World War set the platform for USA to experience continued improvements in its industrial outputs, living standards, individual income, stock and commercial profits, and infrastructural and capital growth.With its GDP and GNP repeatedly touching new record heights, USA had undisputedly become worlds richest behemoth. However, amidst this spectacular cover of prosperity, there remained large patches of poverty, racial discriminations, unemployment and inequality that did not conform to high level of affluence generally attained through with(predicate) out the nation. To bridge this oscitance gap, President John son launched the concept of massive Society with aim to bring equality and justice in US and distribute fruits of growth and prosperity to every citizen.Policies and Programs of Great Society The landslide victory of Lyndon Johnson in 1964 general election gave him suitable platform introduce a series of legislations concerning education, healthcare, environmental protection, consumer rights, regional and urban development, civil rights, employment opportunities, sociable welfare and income supplement programs, as take up of his vision towards the great society. As Johnson himself belonged to middle class family, his ideas were well shaped and oriented towards the re fly the coop framework that he wished to create.Pursuant to this vision he proceeded to introduce a number of legislations that included, Food Stamp legislation, Civil Rights enactments, Economic Opportunity Act, Mass violate Program, Public Work and Employment Act, and Medical Health Car, Social Support, and upb ringing Programs. The notable programs under Johnsons Great Society were 1. Income help Under the Income Assistance program, financial coverage and assistance were turn ind to people to enable them to support themselves and become self-dependent.People were counseled, advices and encouraged to strive to meet their make requirements, under government aegis. 2. Education and training Johnson was of firm view that education and training had crucial role in uplift deprived people to general levels of prosperity and affluence, providing tools and paths to break the malign cycle of poverty and seclusion. Therefore, he put special emphasis on providing equal educational opportunities to economically deprived children.In the Great Society dim-witted and Secondary Education Act of 1965, special provisions were included to provide financial help, services and required assistance to schooling agencies and boards covering areas with economically deprived families. Further, provisions were i nstituted that provided direct financial help and support to individual disadvantaged students. A number of training programs were launched in semi urban and rural areas to provide work exposure, work related training and vocational training to people, to enable them to earn and break free of poverty.3. Healthcare and Medicare Programs Recognizing the requirement of healthcare for all, an integral part of Great Society vision was to provide medical care for elder and poor people, who are unable to look after themselves. The Social Security Act of 1965 and 66 ensured health care and medical treatment for people belonging to all age groups. 4. Housing A rapidly emerging urban the States required houses to support the millions that came to cities to full fill their dreams.Concurrent were the problems of providing secure shelter to thousands homeless poor, left stranded on streets in inclement conditions. Therefore through Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 one the one hand gover nment targeted construction of 26 million additional rehabilitation units and on other provided for easy flow of real estate credit, liberalized loan market, expanded public housing fund, and low installments to enable people in low and middle income groups to own houses. 5.Environment One of significant achievements of Great Society vision was launching policies to make environment as free of pollutants and chemicals as possible, and thus imitating the drive towards environmental awareness. Armed with a number of acts and legislations such as Clear Air, Water Quality and Clean Water Restoration Acts and Amendments, Wilderness Act of 1964, Wild and scenic Rivers Act of 1968, Land and Water Conservation Act of 1965, Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act of 1965 etc, Johnson tried to create a social culture that is aware of its responsibilities in protecting environment.Differences with Eisenhower People, and especially poor oriented polices launched by Johnson stood in contrast wit h the generally industrial and business focused programs adoptive by Eisenhower in his regime from 1953-61. During the Presidency of Eisenhower, social welfare programs had taken backstage before large-scale industrial, infrastructural, and military programs. Although the entire nation as an entity move ahead, serious gaps had remained in its fabrics that Johnson tried to cover with his welfare programs under Great Society

African American-European American Iat Essay Example for Free

African American-European American Iat EssayThe version of the IAT, that I chose to take is the African American European American IAT. There were a few measuring sticks in order to complete the test the first step was to fill bulge information active myself. The questions that I answered were related to my age my educational status, nationality, religious beliefs and my current state of employment. The near step of the test was to choose either E, or I, to indicate my excerpt of African American for a picture of a African American or European American for a picture of a European American. The next series of questions asked me to select either African American aggrouped with bad, or European American with good. An some other series of questions was visually posed this clip with, African American grouped with good and European American grouped with bad. The results show that data suggests a strong automatic preference for European Americans comp atomic number 18d to Africa n Americans. My automatic preference was toward European Americans. The results of this test arent very surprising to me.In class we were told how the test would go, so I already knew what to expect. There was a small bit of doubt whether or non the test would indicate a strong preference for one or the other at all though, because I am Hispanic. I would present speculate that based on the fact that I grew up primarily in whitened suburbia in a private school that al near exclusively consisted of all white students, that my preference is a subconscious choice. I am most familiar with European Americans therefore I chose them over African Americans.There is a distinction between implicit placements and explicit attitudes, that distinction is simple. Implicit attitudes are the attitudes that we dont think about(predicate), they are automatic. Explicit attitudes are the attitudes that are consciously controlled. According to Gawronski and Bodenhausen, in the text, Social Psycholog y,Our automatic implicit attitudes regarding someone or something often differ from our consciously controlled, explicit attitudes(p.51).From the results of the IAT that I took, I would have to say that my implicit attitudes towards African Americans, do not suffer my explicit attitudes about African Americans. The reason that I recollect that my implicit attitudes are different from my explicit attitudes is that I usually make a conscious decision to be friendly and welcoming to any person that I come in contact with regardless of gender, race, age, or sexual orientation.The results are mildly surprising, however, I believe that I am more accustomed to being in the company of European Americans, and therefore I show a distinct implicit attitude favoring them. Implicit attitudes are a dangerous thing we should pay particular attention to how we label people explicitly, so that with time, we can manipulate our unconscious attitudes and caprice reactions to certain people. A good e xample of problems that people run into with their improper mind set comes to us from our text, Social Psychology.Age is the example Bugental and Hehman used in 2007, when they discovered that people treat the elderly differently than they do people whom are younger, they explain that Peoples perceptions of the elderly- as generally kind further frail, incompetent, and unproductive- predispose patronizing behavior(p. 308). Its that attitude that people hold about the elderly that according to Bugental and Hehman, predispose patronizing behavior, such as baby-talk linguistic communication that leads elderly people to feel less competent and act less capably (p. 308).It is important that we change our thinking, because if we continue to have the same biases, we not exclusively do our selves a disservice in being implicitly and or explicitly inappropriate in our attitudes, but we also risk the chance of ache others in our actions. Works Cited Myers, D. C. (2010). Social psychology (10th ed. ). New York McGraw-Hill. Pages 51,308 Psych 312 Extra Credit 10pts 5-8-13 Eli J. Guymon Gender Career IAT The second test that I took was the gender race IAT. onwards the test began, I was asked to report my beliefs about women versus men in the work force and women versus men in the home life.The second set of questions asked me to fill out information about myself. The questions that I answered were, what is my age, my educational status, nationality, religious beliefs and my current state of employment. Following those questions were questions about my family growing up, they wanted to know if I had a produce as a primary care giver, and if she worked outside of the home, specifying what she did for a living, and if there was a secondary caregiver, such as a father or step father, where they employed outside the home, and what their occupation was.The next step of the test was to choose either E, or I, to indicate my choice. The groupings in the first series of vis ual concepts to match were mens names with the word men and womens names with the word women. The next step was to match men with career minded lyric and women with household related words. Finally in the final sets of matching words the groupings were reversed so that men and household related items were a pair and women with career minded words belonged together.According to the results, data suggested little or no association between male and female with career and family. I did not have a automatic preference. My explicit and implicit attitudes match, I do not consciously nor do I subconscious place anyone in a group that favors either individual in the work place or family. I am not surprised by my results because I was raised in a home where my spawn was a primary care giver but I also received care giving from my step father. Both my mother and my step father worked outside of the home.Both my mother and my step father shared responsibilities equally except where one person seemed to enjoy a line of work more than the other, that partner would assume say a specific home(prenominal) role that the other was happy to not have to do. For an example of a domestic role that both of my parents needed to be done but one seemed to favor it over the other, grilling outside, was my step fathers domestic role because my mother did not enjoy doing that work, and my step father rarely did his own laundry, because it was a task that my mother felt comfortable doing by herself.

Evolution of Health Care Information Essay Example for Free

Evolution of Health Care Information EssayOver the nett 20 long time dramatic changes slang occurred in the wellness palm industry. Health care technology has exploded over the last 20 years, non just in the arena of medical diagnosis and treatment, but also in the area of wellness information and documentation (The graphics of patient care, 2008, p. 1). devil Major EventsTwenty years ago, Riverview Hospital was limited with technology. The use of paper files for patient records is a thing of the past. Today Riverview Hospital uses electronic medical records (EMR). An EMR is fit to electronically collect and store patient data, supply that information to providers on request, permit clinicians to enter orders straightway into a computerized provider entry system, and advise wellness care practitioners by providing decision-support tools such as reminders, alerts, and access to the latest research findings, or appropriate evidence-based guidelines (Wagner, Lee, Glaser, 200 9, p. 1). Paper-based records have been in existence for centuries and their gradual replacement by computer-based records has been slowly underway for over twenty years in western healthcare systems (Open Clinical, n.d., p. 1).Riverview Hospital has also seen an increase in using ad hominem digital assistants (PDAs). Twenty years ago, PDAs did not exist. Doctors and other health care providers had to look up information in books and other publications. The use of personal digital assistants (PDAs) in medicine and the health sciences has rapidly increased. Health care professionals are using PDAs for patient tracking, medical reference, and drug dosage, as well as personal use (Journal of the Medical Library Association, 2004, p. 1). Health care personnel need access to updated information anywhere and at any time, and a individual(prenominal) Digital Assistant (PDA) has the potential to meet these requirements. A PDA is a mobile tool which has been employed widely for various pu rposes in health care practice, and the level of its use is expected to increase.Loaded with suitable functions and softwareapplications, a PDA might qualify as the tool that personnel and students in health care need (PubMed, 2008, p. 1). According to a May 2002 article in BNET, PDA software enables health care professionals to store patient information, order prescriptions directly to pharmacies, check on lab results and access medical information remotely. PDA programs even allow health care professionals to document billing and claims encounters to be submitted to health plans (eHow, 2010, p. 1). The EMR system can connect doctors in a single practice and then share patient data with clinics, hospitals, and pharmacies if their systems are linked and compatible.EMR and PDAWith the capital punishment of the EMR and the PDA, Riverview Hospital has seen an increase in the number of patients. Although patient stays have decreased, the number of patients which pass though the hospita l has increased. The average stay today is fractional of what it was 20 years ago. With the introduction of technology, health care providers have the ability to look up almost any aspect of medical information inevitable at the touch of a button (The art of patient care, n.d., p. 1).The EMR implementation at Riverview Hospital has improved quality, outcomes, and safety. The EMR has improved efficiency, productivity, and cost reduction. The EMR has also improved proceeds and satisfaction. With PDAs, health care professionals can provide quality medical services to patients that are efficient and effective. PDAs offer instant access to critical information, so patients do not have to wait long to hear back from their doctors about lab test results or their prescription needs (eHow, 2010, p. 1).One has to take into experimental condition with the EMR and the PDA that HIPPA is not violated. Although with the introduction of the EMR, it is less likely to see HIPPA violations as comp ared to paper charts. Health care professionals who use PDAs must be careful to correctly secure their electronic devices in a way that complies with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (eHow, 2010, p. 1).President Obama has pledged that every American provide have an electronic medical record by 2014. Twenty years ago, this was not even aconsideration. President Obama sees health care information technology and electronic medical records as key to improving the quality of care while reducing costs. This implementation will not only improve care coordination that will lead to better health care (reduced cost, enhanced quality), it will create jobs.BarriersThe EMR and the PDA can also cause barriers within the health care system. close to of the barriers are resistance. This resistance was seen among health care practitioners at Riverview Hospital, although the implementation happened. at that place may be technical matters that occur, financial matters, resou rce issues, training and re-training issues, certification, security, ethical matters, and confidentiality issues. There may also be incompatibility between systems and doubts on clinical usefulness.ConclusionRemarkable advances in medical technology, especially at Riverview Hospital, continue to render health care delivery. With this transformation comes many issues that arise. The EMR and the PDA can enhance how health care is delivered and can pose both positives and negatives. Within the 20 years at Riverview Hospital much has changed with technology and information systems, although one thing remains the same, the mission to treat patients as well as to improve and persist in the health and well-being of those they serve. Their vision is to redefine the healthcare experience, becoming the best place to work, practice medicine, and receive care.ReferenceseHow. (2010). Use of personal digital assistants in health care. Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/facts_7436608_use-persona l-digital-assistants- healthcare.htmlJournal of the Medical Library Association. (2004). The use of personal digital assistants in the health sciences results of a survey. Retrieved fromhttp//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC442176/Kreidler, M.K. (2008). Health Care and Information Technology. Research Starters Business, (1).Open Clinical. (n.d.). electronic medical records. Retrieved from http//www.openclinical.org/emr.htmlPubMed. (2008). The use of the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) among personnel and students in health care. Retrieved fromhttp//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18957381Scientific American. (2009). Will Electronic Medical Records Improve Health Care. Retrieved from http//www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=electronic-health-records The art of patient care. (n.d.). Health Care Technology and Patient Care. Retrieved from http//www.art-of-patient-care.com/health-care-technology.html Wager, K. A., Lee, F. W., Glaser, J. P. (2009). Health care information syst ems Apractical approach for health care management (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CAJossey-Bass.

Aristotles Friendship Nicomachean Ethics

Aristotles Friendship Nicomachean EthicsAristotle addresses the topic of knowledge in Book 8 and 9 of his Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle makes the argu man government agencyt that friends stinker be regarded as second selves. Aristotle says that just as virtuous behavior improves an individual, friends have the potential to generate improvements upon each other(a)s lives. The main gist of Aristotles argument is on the consanguinity between intimacy and justness (102). He asserts that if tribe stay friends, they do not have any motivating for justice, but if they maintain justice, they also need companionship in addition. This paper essays that the arguments that Aristotle makes in support of this assertion is convincing. Addition on the wholey, the arguments made here explain both the honest and political importance of familiarity for Aristotle.Aristotle categorizes friendships into triplet categories friendships of utility, friendships of pleasure, and friendships of the salutary (107). He asserts that the failure or success of ones friend is just like the ones own failure or success. Friendships of pleasure are based on delight in other peoples company alone. People who drink beer together are said to be in this friendship. However, when these people no longer jazz sharing the activity, the friendship may come to an end.Friendships of utility are those friendships that are formed with no regard to the other person. When a person is buying merchandise, has to extend to the seller, but the relationship that is required is rather shallow. The only reason why such people communicate is for them to transact business. Typically, quarrels may moment in this friendship only.Friendship of the good involves the enjoyment of each others characters. As long as these friends maintain their akin characters, their relationship endures because its main motive is care for each other. This is friendship at its best, what in modern English may be referred to a s true friendship.In Book 8, Aristotle says that without friends, nobody would choose life. Even those people in possession of all the goods that they need in life, including high office, need friends. They do not perceive the use of all such prosperity without an opportunity of beneficence, which can only be exercised in its most laudable form towards friends. Similarly, it is impossible to guard prosperity without friends.Aristotle also indicates that friends are the only refuge when misfortunes and poverty draw (108). For the young, friendships are a way of avoiding straying. For older people, it is serviceable for ministering to their needs as well as supplementing the various activities that could be failing as a result of weakness.For Aristotle, friendships appear to be holding states together, and lawgivers are more careful about friendships than for justice. Since unanimity seems to be like friendship, they aim at this most of the time, and strive to boot out faction as t heir worst enemy. It is on this basis that he indicates that when men are friends, they need justice. However, when they are just, they require justice as well. The truest form of justice according to Aristotle is thought to be an enduring hearty quality (118). Friendships are considered not only necessary, but also noble, since people al shipway praise those who show grapple for their friends. It is also thought to be a great thing to have many friends.The different kinds of friendships may be unmortgageded if attention was shifted to the physical object of passion, in which case only the lovable objects can be love. Lovable objects are those that pleasant, good or useful. For this reason, friends are formed on the basis of the good and pleasure that is produced, which has to be useful. However, a clash emerges in this argument, especially in determining whether men love the good or what they consider good for them. any(prenominal) is good for a man, though, becomes the object of his friendship. The clash arises in that each man loves not just what is good, but that seems good for him. For Aristotle, this makes no difference.Aristotle poses the question of whether goodwill in itself constitutes friendship. In this case, goodwill amounts to friendship only when the feeling is reciprocated (120). This is because, many people may have goodwill for those they have not necessarily judged to be useful or good. This raises the genuine difficulty of telling who friends really are without their feelings world communicated. To be friends, then, there is a need for feelings to be mutually recognized as offeres of goodwill to each other.In terms of justice, the friendship of the good is enough proof against slander. This is because it is difficult to trust anyone except a man who has been tested by oneself. When all the things that are demanded in friendship are found, true friendship is said to exist. However, nothing prevents various evils arising, such that the assertion that he would never upon seems to be inaccurate.Considering the three forms of friendships, it is true to say that bad men will always be friends for the sake of utility or pleasure, mend good men will always be friends for their own sake, that is, for the virtue of their goodness. In the latter case, these are friends without qualifications while others are accidental friends, for whom, the only thing that they share is the similitude of needs.In efforts to explain why the truest friendship is the one that one of the good, Aristotle argues that the friendship that is without qualification pleasant or good seems to be desirable or lovable. Here, the result made is that love is merely a feeling, and friendship a state of character. The mutual love for certain choices springs from the state of character of the friends. Men tend to wish well those they love, not because of a feeling, but as a result of a certain state of character.In loving friends, men indicate their lo ve for what is good for themselves. Aristotle completes the logical analysis by saying that in becoming a friend, a man ideally becomes good to his friends (129). Each of them, then, both love what is good for himself, while at the same time making an equal return through goodwill and pleasantness. In this sense, friendship is said to be similar to the concept of equality. Incidentally, both the concepts of goodwill and pleasantness are found in the concepts of friendship and equality.Most people appear to like being loved kinda of loving, mainly because of ambition. Aristotle supports this proposition by saying that this is the reason why most men love flattery since the flatterer takes the position of inferiority in a friendship, or pretends to be such and to more be more loving than he is being loved. Most people aim at being loved since this is akin to being honored. With friendship, there is love. Therefore, friendship does a lot of justice by making everyone feel honored. If people did not the terms that bind them in various forms of friendships, there would be no need for justice.From the arguments that Aristotle makes, friendship and justice appear to be concerned with similar objects, and expressed between the same persons. In Aristotles view, there is thought to be a certain form of justice as well as friendship in every community. Friendship depends on community, and blood brothers and comrades tend to have many things in common, including, in some cases, property.Aristotle ventures into what appears like a contradiction when he says that claims of justice tend to differ. However, he makes his argument clear by giving examples of duties of parents to children, as well as those of brothers to each other, which he says are never the same. The same case applies to the duties of comrades and their fellow citizens. The same case applies to all other kinds of friendships that exist.On the basis of this argument, it is possible for one to draw a parallel between the principles of justice and the principles of friendship. It appears that where one applies, the other cannot apply. Injustice increases when it is exhibited towards people who are considered friends in the fuller sense. For instance, it sounds more offensive to defraud a comrade than to defraud a fellow citizen. It is also more offensive to deny ones brother assistance than to refuse to help a stranger. It is more terrible for one to kill ones mother than to kill any other citizen. The demands of justice, therefore, appear to increase with the insensitivity of the level of friendship. This implies that there is a limit of friendship to which justice does not apply. It also implies that when there is justice, friendship becomes a necessity, such that when the concept of justice is introduced into a scenario where friendship is at play, both elements tend to have an equal extension.Aristotle also assesses the position of friendship vis--vis that of justice by bringing into perspective the concept of genius (119). He identifies three kinds of constitutions monarchy, aristocracy, and timocracy or what many people refer to as polity. The best constitution, according to Aristotle, is monarchy, while the worst is timocracy. Although both monarchy and timocracy are a one-person(prenominal) rule systems, the main difference between them is that the tyrant looks at his own advantage while the king looks to the advantage of his subjects.Each of these constitutions may involve friendship just as much as it involves justice. The friendship that exists between the king and all his subjects is dependent on the benefits conferred, and Aristotle likens it to the friendship of the father to his son, the only difference being the greatness of all the benefits conferred.The reason why Aristotle brings into perspective the aspect of constitutionality is to shed light on the concept of friendship as it applies to governments. His arguments make the concept of friendsh ip to predominate that of justice. At the same time, he seems to suggest that justice cannot take place in a vacuum there has to be a friendly relationship of sorts between all the participants in the legal summons within a given jurisdiction.In the deviation-forms of constitution, justice hardly exists the same case applies to friendship. In the least, friendship exists in its worst form, such that in a form of government such as tyranny, there is too little or no friendship at all. This is because of the lack of anything to be shared between the ruler and the ruled. Even if justice was to exist in such a type of constitution, people would not appreciate it since the spirit of friendship is lacking.In Aristotles view, in every form of friendship, there has to be some form of association. For instance, the friendship that exists between brothers and sisters is born(p) out of a shared parentage and upbringing. Aristotle also carries the association debate even further, noting that friendships form the basis of humankinds very existence. Particularly, he indicates that man has a list to form couples and households more readily than even cities. He also notes that unlike animals, mans associations in the form of couples are not for reproduction purposes only, but for many other purposes in life.To this extent, the tendency to form marriages arise from not just pleasure but also utility. Through such illustrations, Aristotle provides a clear proof of the power of friendship over justice (138). Although friendships of utility are always full of complaints, this does not necessarily mean that an injustice has been committed against the complainant rather, it is normal for the process of bargaining and haggling to be characterized by tough talk and claims of unfair pricing. No form of justice can be said to have taken place in such engagements, regardless of the outcome of the bargaining process. Everything is left in the hands of the two people who have become friends of convenience in order to transact business.In Aristotles view, two types of justices are worth considering for purposes of assessing their applicability to friendships unwritten and legal justice. The legal type is one where the terms are fixed, while the unwritten one is the one where moral values are conventionally applied. Aristotles explanation of the applicability of both unwritten laws and legal laws is enlightening on the ways in which friendship takes the place of justice. In the same light, friendship is identified as necessary where the formal rules of justice require to be applied, for instance in the legal laws. In other words, even where legal laws have been put in place for political reasons, friendship is needed in order for the ethical aspects of justice to be put into consideration.Work CitedAristotle, The Nicomachean Ethics (Translated by Ross, David. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1980.

Segmentation Targeting and Positioning Analysis Theory

Segmentation Tar wanking and Positioning Analysis TheoryKotler (1994, p. 93) has pointed bulge that the strategic trade planning form flows from a mission mission and mint statement to the selection of betoken markets, and the formulation of specific merchandise mix and put design for each product or service the organization will offer. Proceeds to segment the market, select the appropriate market target, and develop the offers value positioning. The formula segmentation, targeting, positioning (STP) is the essence of strategic marketing Restrepo (2010, p1).Source Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning (2010)http//www.consumerpsychologist.com/images/cb/STP.pnghttp//www.consumerpsychologist.com/cb_Segmentation.htmlToday, India is one of the worlds fastest phylogenesis economies. With having a wide geographical atomic number 18a of about 15,200Km and a strand line of 7,500 Km over a billion sight .According to Financial times (2004) the GDP growth rate was less than 1% in 1991, in time by 2003 the figure grew by 8.5%. Button et al (1999) argues that because of the growth of Indias IT industry, the number of travelers has grown rapidly. Due to which Indias Travel and Tourism generated $38.8 billion in 2004 and it is expected to make $ 90.4 billion by 2014.According to the centre for Asia pacific Aviation (2005), Indian airlines bugger off ordered a total of 490 aircraft over the last few months. Which in turn it is expected a growth of 164% comp atomic number 18d to a world average of only 2.7% Connell Williams (2006, p.358).Connell Williams (2006) states that Indias domestic air travel has grown rapidly due to the gro offstage wealth of Indias population. At the beginning of 2005, there were only four domestic airline services Indian airlines, agate line Sahara and Jet airways and Air Deccan which was the low exist carrier.Company background Air DeccanAir Deccan (2009), Indias for the first time low f ar and fastest growing airline was f ormed in 2003 with the vision to empower all Indian to fly by providing the lowest airfares and connectivity to unconnected towns and cities. Deccan is a business unit of Deccan Aviation, Indias largest private helicopter charter company, which pioneered helicopter tourism in India. In 1997, a group of old army buddies led by Capt. Gopi decided to pool in their vast experience and knowledge of air and geography to open Indias first Private sector helicopter charter company. Deccan Aviation was started in 1997 with one helicopter, it now has a fleet of 10 helicopters and 2 fixed wing aircraft deployed a chase after eight bases at Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi, Ranchi, Hyderabad, Surat, Katra and Colombo (Sri Lanka). Deccan Aviation provides helicopter charter services for a range of aviation activities like helicopter tourism, aerial insurance coverage of sports events, heli- skiing and rappelling, aerial reconnaissance and photography, and also undertakes logistic support for off sho re oil explorations, geophysical mineral survey, power line survey, emergency checkup evacuation, V.I.P. movement, film production etc.The depart was Deccan, Indias first low cost, no frill airline, which was launched on the strength of a simple dream. A dream godlike by just one statement. I want every Indian to fly at least once in his/ her lifetime. (Captain Gopinath, CEO, 1995)The first flight was launched on 23rd August 2003 from Bangalore to Hubli. Since then forward innovation and cost efficiency has been the main ground of our business philosophy and strategy. The business model is robust, scalable and align to the dreams of nation building by qualification air travel a mass commodity.We pride ourselves on our out of the box strategies which have created several firsts in Indian aviation and also made air travel affordable, available and easily accessible to the earthy man of India.Source Destinations of Air Deccan (2009)Growth boshIndia government is considering the g rowth of aviation sector especially of the private sector in aircraft manufacturing, operating and upgrading airports and by providing enhanced ground services. According to ICFDC (2004) The Indian aviation sector has four types of operators domestic airlines, operating within India and select International destinations, International airlines, chartered air operators and air cargo service providers, whose services hold air transportation of cargo and mail.According to the Director General of civil aviation (2006), when Air Deccan began its operation in August 2003, with a single aircraft from Bangalore to Hubli, Air Deccan has seen a phenomenal growth.Air Deccan now has an Aprx 266 flight which runs on a daily basis.As of March 2006, Air Deccans market share is at 19%, making it the third-largest airline in the country.Currently, the carrier employees apprx 2,600 employees.As of Nov 30 2005, Air Deccan had flown apprx 2.7 million passengers.( Air Deccan,2009)Vision and MissionAcc ording to Air Deccan (2009), Captain Gopinaths vision has helped the lives of Indias masses where they realized through and through Air Deccan, which is a pioneering low-cost business model. The airline has played a significant role in making the common mans dream to fly which has come true. However, the airline plans to fly a large number of destinations in India by connecting millions of mint (Captain Gopinath, CEO, 2004).Basic Idea behind the exemplar approachSTRENGTHS Leader in LCC market Highest load efficiency Flies to destinations in the hinterlandWEAKNESS Focuses on South Indian market shape plagued by frequent breakdowns and near misses Very limited advertising Reached at the threshold of cost efficiencyOPPORTUNITIES Extensive network to majusculeize Air payload business Plenty of scope for expansion of operations Strengthen its position in Chartered flight segment could start Contractual Employment little terror High attrition rate the threat of new entrants into Low Price Segment especially Indigo, Go Air, Spice jet and Jetlite. High risk perception.As mentioned in Air Deccan (2009) Air Deccan has plenty of scope for expansion of operations also it has been in operation since last 5 years, so kingfisher with the merger could get the opportunity to fly planetaryly and Air Deccan with facing constant threats from the ever emerging low cost carriers, higher attrition rate and requirement for capital had no different better option than to accept the offer of getting merged with Kingfisher.Marketing StrategiesSegmentationHigh aircraft utilization was the first of Air Deccans strategies as it would directly result in high revenue generation. The success of the Air Deccan is by its well planned operational routes. The Air Deccan operates from six bases, which are placed in the metropolitan cities of Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore and Hyderabad. Further these bases are connected to other regional locations through regional routes. The m ain strategy of Air Deccan is to pursue unexplored routes which would result -high yield and high load factor (Sampler, 2006).PositioningThe main success behind Air Deccan is because of its unique pricing model. In the pricing model lay which were booked well in advance had lower fares, whereas the seats booked closer to the travel date had higher fare. However, this helped the airline to maximize its revenues from ticket sales as well as maintain high seat occupancy.By commenting on additional revenues, Captain Gopinath (CEO, 2005) states that With an average passenger spending INR 75 for a quick meal or beverage, Air Deccan could have easily generated additional revenue worth INR 202.5 million from 2.7 passengers that had flown on the airline till November 2005.TargetingAir Deccan (2009) has achieved dreadful growth due to their marketing and promotion strategies. The airline utilized its marketing and promotional programs effectively to highlight the competitive advantage with the result of its low fares.The target segment which is for the customers who are cost-conscious, Air Deccan choose cartoonist R K Laxmans famous mascot The common man as its brand ambassador. The airline advertisement is generally through media like print, radio, and bill boards. The airline has entered into various sales which have provided Deccan with additional advertising slots on television, newspapers and radio.Word Count 1,335.ReferencingAnonymous. (2010). Segmentation, Targeting, and positioning .Available http//www.consumerpsychologist.com/cb_Segmentation.html. Last accessed 11/12/2010.Annonymous. (2009). Deccan simply fly. Available http//www.deccanair.com/aboutus.html. Last accessed 12/12/2010.Annonymous. (2010). Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation. Available http//www.centreforaviation.com/. Last accessed 12/12/2010.Button, K.J., Lall, S., Stough, R., Trice, M., 1999. High-technology employment and hub airports. Journal of Air enjoy Management 5, 53-59Financial Times, 20 04. From Indias forgotten elds, a call for economic reform to lift the inadequate.Kingfisher-Deccan Merger. 12 Dec. 2010 http//www.antiessays.com/free-essays/47835.htmlKotler, P. (1994), Marketing Management Analysis, planning, implementation, andControl, 8th edition, Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliff, New Jersey.OConnell.F.J, Williams.G.. (2006). regeneration of Indias Domestic Airlines A case study of Indian Airlines, Jet Airways, Air Sahara and Air Deccan. Journal of Air Transport Management. 12 (1), 358-374.Restrepo.A.J.. (2010). SEGMENTATION TARGETING POSITIONING.Available http//pdfcast.org/pdf/segmentation-targeting-positioning. Last accessed 11/12/2010.Sampler.L.J. (2006). Air Deccan. Available http//web.mit.edu/cisr/working%20papers/cisrwp365.pdf. Last accessed 11/12/2010.Marketing ethics and friendly responsibility an opportunity for competitive advantage or a constraint on marketing decisions? Discuss citing appropriate examples.IntroductionCarrigan Attalla (200 1, p.560) states that Marketing ethics and social responsibility are inherently controversial, and years of query continue to present conflicts and challenges for marketers on the value of a socially responsible approach to marketing activities.According to Laczniak Murphy (1993) since few years there are certain controversy revolving around marketing ethics and social responsibility, researchers and scholars are continuing to work on it. Smith Quelch (1996) states that most of the company would like to call back that being a good company will attract customers with their products, while it has seen that by the un respectable behavior customer would reject their offer/products.The basic motif behind focusing marketing is by its products and services with the environment, where customers play a very important part by representing (Vaaland et al, 2007).As mentioned by Vaaland et al (2007, p.929)Marketing is the process of planning and executing conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of goods, ideas and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals.According to Singhapakdi et al (1995), Social responsibility is been given so a lot importance because, E.g., some public companies undergo social responsibility which might limit profits and disagreement of the social responsibility. However, he also argues that, the international researchers have not identified in detail to which marketers across the countries assume that ethics and social responsibility are important for their organization for their growth. And also argues that, first managers should be aware of the ethics and social responsibility to have the organization grow before their behavior become more good and reflects greater social responsibility.Social responsibility in marketingAs Laczniak Murphy (1993, p.5) states that, both ethics and social responsibility have to make a positive pertain towards the success of an organization, due to which customers m ake ethical judgments that are likely to influence their purchases. As he has told thatCustomers over time will normally recognize the organizations that search to be responsive to various ethical and social factors in the marketplace.The ethics eraHunt and Vitell ( 2006, p.3) pointed out that An individual perceives a situation as having ethical content, the next step is the perception of various possible alternatives or actions that might be taken to resolve the ethical problem.http//www.emeraldinsight.com/content_images/fig/2160040303002.pngAs Hoddow (2001) states that even though, the researchers are working on this field ETHICS since 30-40 years its still not possible to have achieved the answer of what exactly is the social responsibility of marketing. According to BBC (2001) there have been lot arguments which have been made by governments and organizations with regarding to the ethical issues. E.g., Companies like Oxfam and Medecin sans Frontieres on allowing cheaper acce ss for consumers of drugs like AZT.Globally, there are many organizations and institutes which are ceremonious to do research and promote ethical business behaviour like for E.g., European Business Ethics network, Hong Kong Ethics Development Centre. There has been given a lot of importance to the field of marketing as it has grown rapidly and developing a strong ethical profile, academically and professionally, marketers are finding it severe to ignore the gap of ethics of what the society is expecting and what marketing professionals are delivering (Carrigan Attalla, 2001).Ethical Consumer BehaviourAccording to Hunt and Vitell (1992) it has been seen that a lot of attention is given to marketing ethics in the current years, irrespective of that it is been unsuccessful to see the buyer side of the exchange process. However, it is a fact that the customers are more informed, more enlightened and are aware of their consumer rights and product requirements in most of the western soc iety.However, a study conducted by Boulstridge and Carrigan (2000) examined customers response to ethical or unethical behaviour, where they found out that the most customers did not have more information weather a company did or did not behaved ethically. E.g., Nestle and Exxon. Even though many people believed that social responsibility is not important while considering in their purchasing behaviour, even with knowledge about unethical activity, some customers still bought goods from the company. The main reason why consumers bought these products is because of price, value, and quality and brand familiarity rather than societal ones.Ulrich and Sarasin (1995) say that, one thing is clear, dont do any research. Dont ask the public any questions on this subject. The answers are never reliable. In instances where the head says one thing and the heart another. Studies are useless if not misleading (Carrigan and Attala, 2001, p.566).Performance frameworkFriedman (1962, p.133) argues t hat few trends could so exhaustively undermine the very foundations of our free society as the acceptance by collective officials of a social responsibility other than to make as much money for their stockholders as possible.The framework by Carroll (1995) gives us the idea and the present condition of what corporate social responsibility theory and their role within the corporate social performance framework.http//labspace.open.ac.uk/file.php/4778/via/oucontent/course/132/pyramid.gifFigure 2 Source Carroll (1995, p.49). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility.According to Windsor (2001), Carrolls four dimensional pyramid of responsibility structures the tender notion of various corporate social responsibilities into a construction of pyramid. And the pyramid consists of economic responsibilities which are the foundation and benevolence is the apex. The construction of the pyramid is such that the other responsibilities will not be achieved in the absence of economic perf ormance. Economic and legal responsibilities are socially required, ethical responsibilities are socially accepted and philanthropy is socially desired.Socially Responsible firmsWhen asked to identify the socially responsible firms, many would point out on Marks and Spencer, because as Jobber (2010, p.182) mentioned that MS aims to go carbon neutral, send no waste to landfill, extend sustainable sourcing, help improve the lives of people in its supply chain and help customers and employees live a healthier lifestyle.According to Carrigan Attalla (2001) companies like JCB, Nissan and Co-operative bank followed ethical behaviour to an extent and when one trying to think of being a good citizen one responsive saidThere really arent that many .I am sure they are all unethical to some degree. (Anonymous, 2008).Companies like Microsoft, is well known as philanthropy. saddle gates, fights for many of the worlds diseases with his foundation with Melinda Gates. The foundation has given $ 20.1 billion since its first set up (Jobber, 2010).There are few well known companies which they have been registered as a poor social responsibility for many reasons, E.g, LOreal for their animal testing, NatWest due to their financial investment with animal research centres and Shell and BP for their poor environmental pollution and poor employee relations (Carrigan Attalla (2001).As mentioned by Carrigan Attalla (2001, p.569) the attitudes of many consumers would include when you buy petrol, you do not think of those companies that are or not ethical, it does not even cross your mind. I would only fill up elsewhere if it caused no inconvenience to me.However, the behaviour of the ethics needs to be changed or it has to be convincing to the people in order to make them buy or have believe in the products. As we have discussed above about few companies and have seen the answer of customers buying behaviour as the just buy the products because of their convince and or are for the brand name. All these show us that the customers are passive ethical shoppers other than the active consumer shoppers (Carrigan Attalla (2001).ConclusionIt has been seen from the study whether the customers care about the marketing ethics and social responsibility which would influence them on their buying behaviour. It has also seen that researchers have studied the consumers buying behaviour and they have to say that the many of them give very less attention to ethical considerations when it comes to their buying or decision making behaviour. Carrigan Attalla (2001) states that the link between the social responsibility and marketing ethics and consumer purchase remains unproven but also one should not conclude with the development of ethical marketing policy and social responsibility.Word Count 1,376.

Nuclear Power :: essays research papers

Nuclear PowerProducing energy from a nuclear power plant is real complicated. The process ofnuclear energy involves the fission of atoms, the release of energy from fissionas heat, and the transfer of heat to electricity in power plants.The process of ripping the atom is called nuclear fission. Fission cannister takeplace in many different kinds of atoms. This explanation uses Uranium - 235,the atom most commonly use in nuclear reactors. The Uranium atom has manyprotons, thus making it unstable. Since the nucleus of the atom is so unstableit wants to split itself apart, causing a unprompted fission. When the nucleiof a Uranium atom splits apart, it splits into two atoms. Commonly the nucleussplits into Barium and Krypton however, it can split into any two atoms as longas the number of protons equals the original amount of the protons found in theUranium. In addition, a mass amount of energy is released along with two orthree neutrons. It is these neutrons that can begin a chain response, eachneutron that is given rancid could collide with an other(a) Uranium atom splitting itapart. Each of these fissioning atoms releases a very galactic amount of energy,and some more neutrons.This process continues causing a chain reaction withut any outside assistance,and the Uranium has "gone critical"(Martindale, 794-195). This chain reactionis the basis for how nuclear power is made.The amount of the energy that is given off in nuclear fission is astronomical.To equal the amount of energy given off when splitting some uranium the size ofa golf ball, one would have to burn approximately twenty-five train cars full ofcoal. Presently, the planet contains twenty-five times more nuclear terminatecompargond to fossil fuel. On average, an atomic power plant can produce half amillion kilowatts of power. As a comparison, a hair dryer takes about onekilowatt (Jenny, 1-2).The producing of energy from nuclear fission is very similar to using a verycommon fossil fuel bo iler. The difference lies in the reactor, where the heatis generated by fissioning material. The most common of reactors is thepressurized water reactor however, there are many other types.The pressurized water reactor is the most common reactor in the United States.The reactor of a nuclear power plant is where the fissioning takes place. TheUranium is contained in fuel rods, each rod is sealed so no contamination occurs.Many of these rods are then contained in a fuel assembly. All the fuelassemblies are separated by control rods. The control rods limit the amount of

Reducing Violence in Schools :: School Violence Essays

On January 18, 1993, Scott Pennington, a seventeen year-old student from Kentucky, shot and killed his East Carter High School teacher Deanna McDavid and janitor Marvin Hicks, and accordingly held his twenty-two classmates at gunpoint for close to fifteen minutes. On September 15, 1995, Daniel Watson, eighteen, was charged with one count of kidnapping, two counts of unlawful possession of a weapon on school property, and fifteen counts of primary degree endangerment after holding a fellow student at gunpoint at his high school. Watson had been in a fight before school, and then went home and returned with two handguns. In November of 1996, Drew Golden, 11, and Mitchell Johnson, 13, opened fire on their fellow students and teachers in Jonesboro, Arkansas, killing four students and an English teacher. Is this what should be happening in Americas schools? Should students have to be more concerned with their safety, rather than obtaining a good education? Incidences similar to the one s just described occur all(prenominal) year in school systems across the country. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, fifty-seven percent of public elementary and secondary school principals report that one or more incidents of crime/violence occurred in their schools during the 1996-1997 school year. The center also reported that ten percent of all public schools see one or more serious violent crimes (defined as murder, rape, or other type of sexual battery, suicide, physical attack or fight with a weapon, or robbery) during the 1996-1997 school year. Physical attacks or fights led the list of reported crimes in public schools, with about 190,000 reported incidences in 1996-1997. Schools should be places where the objective is to snap off students the skills and knowledge to help them with their future they should not be havens for violent acts. Something obviously needs to be done to decrease and hopefully one day separate violence in Americas school sy stems. There have been numerous proposals made to help the problem, but there still has not been a significant improvement in the problem nationwide. Several recent reports-one by the American Psychological Association and another by the National Education Association-show a dramatic increase in the incidence of school violence. It is going to take a team effort by the government, communities and the schools to help reduce violence in Americas school systems. The government has attempted to address the issue of school violence. In 1994, President Bill Clinton signed the Gun-Free School Act, mandating a one-year expulsion for students who bring weapons to school.